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Afatinib (BIBW2992), an irreversible inhibitor of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinases, downregulates ErbB signalling by binding to the kinase domains of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with IC50 of 0.5 nM and 14nM, respectively.

The ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family consists of four cell surface receptors: ErbB1/ EGFR/HER1, ErbB2/HER2, ErbB3/HER3, and ErbB4/HER4. It has been shown that EGFR and HER2 play important roles in the development and progression of certain aggressive types of cancers and inflammation-associated diseases.

Afatinib was shown to suppress EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and cell proliferation in a variety of EGFR-overexpressing and HER2-expressing cell lines such as A431, NIH-3T3-HER2, NCI-N87 and BT-474 [1].

The component has also been used extensively in various animal models to study the role of EGFR/HER2. Oral administration of afatinib inhibited cancer cell growth and survival and suppress the tumor regression in xenograft and transgenic lung cancer models [2]. In addition, afatinib is identified as EGFR blocker which was approved for the treatment of patients with EGFR-mutated nonsmall cell lung cancer [3].

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