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BAR502 is a dual FXR and GPBAR1 agonist with IC50 values of 2 μM and 0.4 μM, respectively.

BAR502 is a truncated side chain alcohol with both substituents on ring B in α-configuration. At the concentration of 10 μM, BAR502 fails to transactivate GR, PPARγ, and LXR, respectively, but it transactivates the nuclear receptor PXR. BAR502 is able to induce the expression of pro-glucagon mRNA in GLUTAg cells, an intestinal endocrine cell line, as well as to increase cAMP concentrations in THP-1 cells. BAR502 induces the expression of OSTα, BSEP, and SHP in HepG2 cells. BAR502 shows a very potent activity in the recruitment of SRC-1 coactivator and high affinity to FXR[1].

[1]. Festa C, et al. Exploitation of cholane scaffold for the discovery of potent and selective farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GP-BAR1) ligands. J Med Chem. 2014 Oct 23;57(20):8477-95. [2]. Carino A, et al. BAR502, a dual FXR and GPBAR1 agonist, promotes browning of white adipose tissue and reverses liver steatosis and fibrosis. Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 16;7:42801. [3]. Cipriani S, et al. Impaired Itching Perception in Murine Models of Cholestasis Is Supported by Dysregulation of GPBAR1 Signaling. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 15;10(7):e0129866.

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