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CD 2665 is a retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) / RARγ antagonist [1] [2] [3] with binding Kd values of 306 nM and 110 nM to RARβ and RARγ, respectively [3].

Retinoic acid receptors include RARα, RARβ and RARγ. They are able to bind 9-cis and all-trans stereoisomers of retinoic acid (RA) [1], and mediate RA signal as transcription factors [2].

CD 2665 (1 µM) did not antagonize the luciferase activity induced by 9-cis- or all-trans-RA in HiB5 cells, but partially blocked the luciferase activity in 3XbRARE-Luc-transfected cells induced by CD 666 (a RARγ-selective agonist, 100 nM). CD 2665 at 1 µM reduced the viable cell number to about 60% level of vehicle-treated cells. CD 2665 (1 µM) clearly antagonized the increase in cell number resulted from the treatment with CD 666 (100 nM) [4].

The biosynthesis of retinoic acid can also be disordered by chronic ethanol consumption. CD 2665 administration did not modify blood alcohol levels in alcohol-treated mice, but totally reversed the impairment of spontaneous alternation rates resulted from alcohol consumption. Administration with CD2665 for 22 days in alcohol-treated mice significantly decreased both mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of tTG (a retinoic acid-target gene) and normalized the expression levels to the level in control mice [2].

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