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α-Naphthoflavone (α-NF), also known as 7,8-benzoflavone and 2-phenyl-benzo(h)chromen-4-one, is a synthetic flavone derivative. α-Naphthoflavone is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme aromatase, which implicated in converting testosterone to estrogen [1]. It can be prepared from 2-naphthol and cinnamaldehyde [2]. α-naphthoflavone functions as both an Ah receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 activity. α-naphthoflavone stimulated P450 3A4 by selectively binding and activating an otherwise inactive subpopulation of this P450 and promoting benzo[a]pyrene binding to the latter [3].

In vitro: α-NF inhibited microsomal rabbit CYP3A6 and human CYP3A4 irreversibly. α-NF and β-NF strongly inhibited CYP1A-mediated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity with the Ki value of 9.1 ± 0.8 and 7.6 ± 1.1 nM, respectively. α-NF at 0.5, 5, 50 and 500 μM inhibited liver microsome-catalyzed AFB1-DNA binding by 22, 58, 84 and 91%, respectively [4].

In vivo: α-NF inhibited CYP1A enzymes and caused both synergism and antagonism of retene toxicity to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [5]. In male Sprague–Dawley rats, treatment with αNF had no significant effects on body mass after 5 days and caused only minor increases of liver, kidney, and heart CYP1A1 mRNA. In contrast, lung CYP1A1 mRNA was increased by αNF treatment to levels comparable to that seen with β-NF treatment [6]..
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