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Rutaecarpine, an alkaloid of Evodia rutaecarpa, is an inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 0.28 μM.

Rutaecarpine has shown a variety of intriguing biological properties such as anti-thrombotic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-obesity and thermoregulatory, vasorelaxing activity, as well as effects on the cardiovascular and endocrine systems[2]. Rutaecarpine inhibits COX-2 and COX-1 dependent phases of PGD2 generation in BMMC in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.28 μM and 8.7 μM, respectively. It inhibits COX-2-dependent conversion of exogenous arachidonic acid to PGE2 in a dose-dependent manner by the COX-2-transfected HEK293 cells[1].

Rutaecarpine showed in vivo anti-inflammatory activity on rat l-carrageenan induced paw edema by intraperitoneal administration[1]. Rutaecarpine significantly decreases the number of antibody-forming cells and causes weight decrease in spleen in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rutaecarpine administered mice exhibit reduced splenic cellularity, decreased numbers of total T cells, CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, and B cells in spleen. IL-2, interferon and IL-10 mRNA expressions are suppressed significantly by rutaecarpine treatment. The number of CD4+IL-2+ cells is reduced significantly following administration of mice with rutaecarpine[3].

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