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Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a non-selective COX inhibitor (IC50 = 20 nM for both COX-1 and COX-2).1 It prevents increases in paw swelling, increases paw withdrawal latency in a hot-plate test, and decreases prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in paw tissue in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced inflammation when administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Ketorolac is a racemic mixture containing the active (S)-ketorolac and inactive (R)-ketorolac enantiomers. Formulations containing ketorolac have been used to manage postoperative pain and as ophthalmic solutions to treat ocular pain and inflammation.

1.Zhang, Y., Shaffer, A., Portanova, J., et al.Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 rapidly reverses inflammatory hyperalgesia and prostaglandin E2 productionJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.283(3)1069-1075(1997)

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