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Chlorcyclizine is a phenylpiperazine antagonist for histamine H1 receptor [1].

The histamine has been involved in modulating many physiological functions of the hypothalamus, such as arousal state, feeding, locomotor activity, and drinking. Histamine has been involved in circadian rhythm of locomotor activity and exploratory behavior through H1R [1].

In vitro: The Ki value of chlorcyclizine for histamine H1 receptor was 9 nM [1]. Chlorcyclizin was effective against hepatitis C virus (HCV) with an EC50 of 44 nM, preventing viral entry into host cells [2].

In vivo: In chimeric mice xenografted with primary human hepatocytes, chlorcyclizine (10-50 mg/kg) significantly inhibited infection of HCV genotypes 1b and 2a [2]. Chlorcyclizine induced a resistance to sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Intraperitoneal injection of chlorcyclizine showed a sedative effect in small doses, but a convulsive effect in large doses. Intraperitoneal injections of the drug did not affect the recovery time from pentobarbital anesthesia [3]. In rats, pretreatment with chlorcyclizine for several days shortened the duration of action of a subsequent dose of hexobarbital, pentobarbital or zoxazolamine, and accelerated in vivo metabolism of hexobarbital [4]. The administration of chlorcyclizine (50 g/kg) to rats by stomach tube daily for 1 week resulted in significant increases in liver weight, microsomal protein concentration and the activity of the NADPH-dependent hepatic microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) [5].

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