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3-hydroxy Octanoic acid is a hydroxylated fatty acid that has been found in LPS from P. aeruginosa and the methyl-branched poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) polymers produced by P. oleovorans. It is an agonist of the orphan receptor GPR109B, increasing intracellular calcium in human neutrophils which endogenously express GPR109B. 3-hydroxy Octanoic acid prevents lipolysis of human adipocytes and is upregulated in human plasma in response to a ketogenic diet. Plasma levels of 3-hydroxy Octanoic acid also increase 3.41-fold in human male runners following a treadmill run to exhaustion as well as in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) fed a high-glycemic diet.

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