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(±)-Epibatidine is an alkaloid that has been found in Ecuadoran poison frog (E. tricolor) skin extracts and an agonist of α4β2 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs; Ki = 43 pM).1,2 It is selective for α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs over α7 nAChRs (Ki = 230 nM).1 (±)-Epibatidine enhances 86Rb+ flux in IMR-32 cells (EC50 = 7 nM) and induces dopamine release from rat striatal slices (EC50 = 0.4 nM), effects that can be reduced by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine . In vivo, (±)-epibatidine induces analgesia in the hot plate test and the Straub-tail response in mice (ED50s = 0.005 and 0.02 mg/kg,

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