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Bepridil hydrochloride hydrate ((±)-Bepridil hydrochloride hydrate) is a non-selective, long-acting Ca+ channel antagonist and Na+, K+ channel inhibitor, with antianginal and type I antiarrhythmic effects. Bepridil hydrochloride hydrate also acts as a cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX1) inhibitor. Bepridil hydrochloride hydrate can be used for the research of cardiovascular disorders[1][2][3][4][5].

[1]. A Gill, et al. Pharmacology of Bepridil. Am J Cardiol. 1992 Apr 9;69(11):11D-16D. [2]. D R Harder, et al. Bepridil Blockade of Ca2+-dependent Action Potentials in Vascular Smooth Muscle of Dog Coronary Artery. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. Jul-Aug 1981;3(4):906-14. [3]. Yasuhide Watanabe. Cardiac Na +/Ca 2+ Exchange Stimulators Among Cardioprotective Drugs. J Physiol Sci. 2019 Nov;69(6):837-849. [4]. A Yatani, et al. Bepridil Block of Cardiac Calcium and Sodium Channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1986 Apr;237(1):9-17. [5]. J C Wang, et al. Bepridil Differentially Inhibits Two Delayed Rectifier K(+) Currents, I(Kr) and I(Ks), in Guinea-Pig Ventricular Myocytes. Br J Pharmacol. 1999 Dec;128(8):1733-8. [6]. L Z Benet, et al. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Bepridil. Am J Cardiol. 1985 Mar 15;55(7):8C-13C.

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