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Fluoxetine is a specific presynaptic serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) at the neuronal membrane, used in the treatment of depression.

The serotonin receptor, also known as 5-HT receptor, is a member of G protein-coupled receptorfound in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The serotonin receptors, activated by the natural ligand serotonin,have been involved in a variety of biological and neurological processes such as aggression, anxiety, cognition, learning, memory, mood[1].

In vitro:In Xenopusoocytes expressing either cloned 5HT2C receptors or 5HT receptors, micromolar concentrations of fluoxetine (Prozac) inhibited the membrane currents elicited by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT). For responses elicited by 1 μM 5-HT, the IC50 of fluoxetine was about 20 μM. Fluoxetine also inhibited the binding of [3H]5HT to 5HT2C receptors expressed in HeLa cells and the binding of [3H]5HT to 5HT receptors in rat cortex membranes, with Ki of ≈65–97 nM and ≈ 56 μM, respectively[2]. Administration of fluoxetine blocked the downregulation of cell proliferation of hippocampal cells resulting from inescapable shock (IS), which resulted in a state of behavioral despair[3]. Fluoxetine increased the number of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of adult rat. Fluoxetine also increased the number of proliferating cells in the prelimbic cortex[4]. Fluoxetine accelerated the maturation of immature neurons. Fluoxetine enhanced neurogenesis-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus [5]. Fluoxetine, but not other selective serotonin uptake inhibitors such as citalopram, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline, increased norepinephrine and dopamine extracellular levels in prefrontal cortex. Fluoxetine produced robust and sustained increases in extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine after acute systemic administration [6].

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