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Ripasudil free base (K-115 free base) is a specific inhibitor of ROCK, with IC50s of 19 and 51 nM for ROCK2 and ROCK1, respectively. ROCK2|19 nM (IC50)|ROCK1|51 nM (IC50)|CaMKIIa|370 nM (IC50)|PKACa|2.1 μM (IC50)|PKC|27 μM (IC50)

Ripasudil (K-115) is a potent inhibitor of ROCK, with IC50s of 19 and 51 nM for ROCK2 and ROCK1, respectively. Ripasudil also shows less potent inhibitory activities against CaMKIIα, PKACα and PKC, with IC50s of 370 nM, 2.1 μM and 27 μM, respectively[1]. Ripasudil (K-115; 1, 10 μM) induces cytoskeletal changes, including retraction and cell rounding and reduced actin bundles of cultured trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. Ripasudil (5 μM) sifnificantly reduces transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and increases FITC-dextran permeability in Schlemm's canal endothelial (SCE) cell monolayers[2].

Ripasudil (K-115) reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in a concentration-dependent manner at concentrations between 0.1% and 0.4% in monkey eyes and 0.0625% to 0.5% in rabbit eyes, respectively[1]. Ripasudil (K-115; 1 mg/kg, p.o. daily) shows a neuroprotective effect on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after nerve crush (NC). Ripasudil also inhibits the oxidative stress induced by axonal injury in mice. Ripasudil suppresses the time-dependent production of ROS in RGCs after NC injury[3].

[1]. Isobe T, et al. Effects of K-115, a rho-kinase inhibitor, on aqueous humor dynamics in rabbits. Curr Eye Res. 2014 Aug;39(8):813-22. [2]. Kaneko Y, et al. Effects of K-115 (Ripasudil), a novel ROCK inhibitor, on trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal endothelial cells. Sci Rep. 2016 Jan 19;6:19640. [3]. Yamamoto K, et al. The novel Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor K-115: a new candidate drug for neuroprotective treatment in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Oct 2;55(11):7126-36.

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