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Rimantadine hydrochloride is an RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.

In a variety of tissue culture systems, rimantadine (25 μg/ml) completely suppressed the growth of dengue virus type 2 in human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Rimantadine significantly inhibited dengue virus replication in cultures of rhesus monkey PBL. In virus-infected LLC-MK2 cell cultures, rimantadine decreased the production of all four types of dengue virus [1]. Rimantadine interfered with the generation of cellular immune responses. Rimantadine hydrochloride inhibited the proliferative response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogenic and antigenic stimulation. Rimantadine hydrochloride (25 μg/ml) suppressed the responses to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin A by 25, 65, and 90%, respectively. rimantadine (10 μg/ml) significantly inhibited responses to streptokinase-streptodornase, tetanus toxoid, and A2/Aichi influenza vaccine [2]. In a randomized, double-blind trial involving patients with uncomplicated influenza A H3N2 subtype virus infection, rimantadine (200 mg/day for 5 days) significantly reduced nasal secretion viral titers (days 2 through 4), maximal temperature (days 2 and 3), time until defervescence (mean, 37 h shorter), and systemic symptoms [3].

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