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Celgosivir hydrochloride (MDL 28574A) is an α-glucosidase I inhibitor; inhibits bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) with an IC50 of 1.27 μM in in vitro assay.

Celgosivir is more effective (IC50=20 μM) than the parent molecule (IC50=254 ,uM) at causing the accumulation of glucosylated oligosaccharides in HIV-infected cells by inhibition of glycoprotein processing. Celgosivir exhibits potent antiviral activity against HIV-1 with an IC50 of 2.0±2.3 μM[1]. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a closely related virus of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Celgosivir inhibits BVDV with IC50 values of 16 and 47 μM in plaque assay and cytopathic effect assay, respectively[2]. Celgosivir inhibits DENV2 replication with an EC50 of 0.2 μM. The EC50 values against DENV1, 3 and 4 are less than 0.7 μM[3].

Celgosivir fully protects AG129 mice from lethal infection with a mouse adapted dengue virus at a dose of 50 mg/kg twice daily (BID) for 5 days and is effective even after 48 h delayed treatment. The protection by celgosivir is dose- and schedule-dependent and that a twice-a-day regimen of 50, 25 or 10 mg/kg is more protective than a single daily dose of 100 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetics studies of celgosivir in mice shows that it rapidly metabolizes to castanospermine[4]. During primary infection with a mouse-adapted DENV strain S221, mice shows increased viremia on day 3, yet 80% survived day 10 with virus completely cleared by day 8[3].

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