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Ampicillin trihydrate (D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin trihydrate) is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Ampicillin trihydrate (D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin trihydrate) inhibits the growth of E. coli of swine origin in a dose-dependent manner. The effective inhibitory concentration of Ampicillin trihydrate is 2.5 uG/mL[1].

Ampicillin trihydrate (D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin trihydrate) is very effective in alleviating the symptoms of hemorrhagic enteritis in a 11-week old pig[1]. Ampicillin trihydrate produces maximum concentrations in bile twice as high as in serum. The peak concentration of ampicillin after an oral dose is as twice as high in portal blood as in peripheral blood[2]. Ampicillin trihydrate provides neuroprotection against ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Ampicillin trihydrate reduces the activities of MMPs and increases the expression level of GLT-1. Pretreatment with Ampicillin trihydrate significantly reduces medial hippocampal cell death following global forebrain ischemia[3].

[1]. Chopra SL, et al. Effect of Ampicillin on E. Coli of Swine Origin. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci. 1963 Sep;27(9):223-7. [2]. Lund B, et al. Ampicillin in portal and peripheral blood and bile after oral administration of ampicillin andpivampicillin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1974;7(2):133-5. [3]. Lee KE, et al. The neuroprotective mechanism of ampicillin in a mouse model of transient forebrain ischemia. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016 Mar;20(2):185-92.

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