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(-)-epicatechin gallate is a major catechin component in green tea [1].

(-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) plays an important role in cell growth inhibition, apoptosis and membrane transport system [1].

(-)-epicatechin gallate is a kind of catechin. In HCT-116 cells, ECG activated transcription factor 3 (ATF3), which played a critical role in pro-apoptosis. EGR-1 was involved in ECG-induced ATF3 expression. In HCT-116 cells, ECG (50 μM) increased NAG-1 and ATF3 expression in time- and dose-dependent way [1]. In carcinoma HSC-2 cells, ECG (50 μM) exhibited cytotoxicity with midpoint cytotoxicity (NR50) value of 67 μM. However, in normal HGF-2 fibroblasts, ECG exhibited cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 25 μM with NR50 value of 100 μM. In carcinoma HSC-2 cells, ECG (250 μM) induced nucleosomal DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. ECG (150 μM) significantly increased caspase-3 activity [2].

In rats, there were five metabolites of ECG: (-)-epicatechin gallate, 3’,4’’-di-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin gallate, 4’’-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin gallate, 4’-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin gallate and 3’-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin gallate, which were excreted in rat urine [3].

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