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Avibactam free acid (NXL-104 free acid) is a covalent, reversible non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, inhibits β-lactamase TEM-1 and CTX-M-15 with IC50 of 8 nM and 5 nM, respectively.

Avibactam (NXL104) is a molecule with little antibacterial activity, that inhibits class A and C β-lactamases. Avibactam (NXL104) inactivates most important β-lactamases except metallo types and Acinetobacter OXA carbapenemases[2].

Avibactam (NXL104) sodium displays a slow return of activity with an off-rate of 0.045±0.022 min-1, which converts to a residence time half-life (tt1/2) of 16±8 min. The measured off-rate for Avibactam (NXL104) suggests that slow deacylation through hydrolysis or reversibility is occurring, and it is in contrast to previously reported extremely long t1/2 values of >1 or >7 d for Avibactam (NXL104) inhibition of TEM-1[1]. Avibactam is a new promising β-lactamase inhibitor, to overcome resistance caused by β-lactamases. Mice are infected with ca.106 CFU of Pseudomonas aeruginosa intramuscularly into the thigh or intranasally to cause pneumonia and are given 8 different (single) subcutaneous doses of Ceftazidime and Avibactam (NXL104) in various combined concentrations, ranging from 1 to 128 mg/kg of body weight in 2-fold increases. The mean estimated half-life in plasma of Ceftazidime in the terminal phase is 0.28 h (SD, 0.02 h), and that of Avibactam is 0.24 h (SD, 0.04 h). Volumes of distribution are 0.80 liters/kg (SD, 0.14 liters/kg) and 1.18 liters/kg (SD, 0.34 liters/kg), respectively[3].

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