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PT 1 is a selective activator of AMPK with EC50 value of 0.3 μM for AMPK α1β1γ1 [1].

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is serine/threonine protein kinase that involved in cellular energy homeostasis and acts as an energy sensor. AMPK is a heterotrimer and increases ATP generation [1].

PT 1 is a selective AMPK activator. PT1 activated human AMPK α 1394, AMPK α2398 and AMPK(α1β1γ1) with EC50 values of 8, 12 and 0.3 μM, respectively. PT1 exhibited maximum activity against AMPK(α1β1γ1) at concentration up to 5 μM. PT1 exhibited high selectivity for AMPK  α catalytic subunit. PT1 activated truncated AMPK α 1 subunit proteins including 313-335 aa with EC50 values of 8 μM, which was autoinhibitory domain. In HeLa cells without LKB1, PT1 induced AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, which were independent of LKB1. In human hepatoma HepG2 cells, PT1 dose-dependently reduced triacylglycerol and cholesterol content and induced AMPK and ACC phosphorylation [1]. In incubated mouse muscle, PT-1 increased γ1-containing AMPK activity and increased the AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of ULK1 on Ser555. However, in HEK293 cells expressing human γ1-, γ2- or γ3-AMPK, PT-1 activated them equally [2].

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