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(2,6-diamino-5-thiocyanatopyridin-3-yl) thiocyanate, also designated as PR-619, is a broad-range reversible and cell-permeable inhibitor of deubiquitylating enzyme (DUB)[1][2][3], potently suppresses the activity of almost all cysteine protease DUBs[4], but shows selectivity toward DUBs over other proteases, such as calpain 1, or cathepsins[3]. PR-619 induces (tumor) cell death with EC50 values in the low micromolar range [1].

Deubiquitylating enzyme (DUB), also called ubiquitin isopeptidase or deubiquitinating proteins, performs deubiquitination of target proteins. Ubiquitination, followed by proteasomal degradation, is a process of ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Failure of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and/or the autophagy pathway may result in aggregation of proteins, a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases [2].

In OLN-t40 cells, 7-10 μM as the concentration range for PR-619 to exert its cytotoxicity was suggested, half maximal cytotoxicity was observed after a 24h-treatment with 9-10 μM PR-619. Similar to MG-132, PR-619 caused an increase in the abundance of ubiquitinated proteins within 24 h at the concentration range of 7-12.5μM. Tested with OLN-t40 cells, PR-619, unlike MG-132, did not inhibit the enzymatic activity of the proteasome in cellular lysates but only when taken up by living cells[2]. An in vitro system showed that PR-619 was able to stabilize the microtubule network and led to small tau aggregates surrounding the microtubule organizing center [5].

There is still not any available result regarding in vivo treatment in an animal body.

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