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Quercetin is an important dietary flavonoid, present in vegetables, fruits, seeds, nuts, tea and red wine. It has various biological functions in terms of tumor prevention. Quercetin is a strong inhibitor of PI3K, NF-κB, and other kinases involved in intracellular signaling. It can also mildly inhibit Akt1/2, and slightly affect PKC, p38 and ERK1/2 [1].

A number of reports have demonstrated that Quercetin possessed anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and pro-apoptotic functions in cancer cells and inhibited tumor progress with different mechanisms. Quercetin increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels and disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which in turn promoted the release of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm, thus activating multiple caspases such as caspase-3, -8 and -9 and subsequently inducing apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway [2]. Quercetin induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, which was associated with the function of p53. Quercetin could promote p53 phosphorylation and therefore stabilize p53 both at the mRNA and protein level [3]. However, several studies investigated that cells with impaired p53 became more sensitive to Quercetin mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis [4].

In vivo studies showed that administration of Quercetin before the initiation stage of carcinogenesis dramatically reduced various chemical agents induced tumor burden in mice models, including benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumor burden, azoxymethane-induced preneoplastic lesions in rat colon and N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinoma etc. [5].

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