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Puromycin dihydrochloride [1] is an analog of aminoacyl-tRNA. Puromycin dihydrochloride allows selection for cells expressing the resistance gene puromycin N-acetyl-transferase (PAC) and is useful in CRISPR/Cas9 mammalian gene editing by selecting for successful Cas9-induced knock-in with puromycin resistance gene. It inhibits the incorporation of aminoacyl-tRNA into the C-terminal on a synthesizing polypeptide, resulting in the premature termination of the polypeptide chain.

Puromycin is toxic to the growth of various eukaryote cells including mammalian cells. Concentrations of puromycin sufficient to inhibit the cell growth of mammalian cells range from 0.5-10 μg/ml. IC90s for puromycin to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum and Giardia lamblia are 60 ng/ml and 54 μg/ml, respectively [2]. Aminoacyl-tRNA is used as the material for elongation of a synthesizing polypeptide on a ribosome [2].

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