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Fludarabine is a purine analog that inhibits DNA synthesis [1].

DNA synthesis is a natural creation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules and plays an important role in cell growth.

Fludarabine is a prodrug and is phosphorylated to the nucleoside triphosphate (F-ara-ATP) in cells to elicit biological activity. It affected a series of enzymes that required in DNA synthesis such as DNA primase, DNA polymerases, DNA ligase I, ribonucleotide reductase and 3’-5’ exonuclease activity of DNA polymerases δ and ε [1]. In human myeloma cell RPMI8226, fludarabine significantly inhibited cells growth and reduced phosphorylation of Akt. Also, it reduced XIAP and survivin, the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP) family [2]. Fludarabine can act as a cytosolic 50-nucleotidase II (cN-II) inhibitor [3].

In immunodeficient mice bearing RPMI8226 myeloma xenografts, fludarabine (40 mg/kg) slowed down the growth of tumors by about 5-fold in 25 d comparing with the control tumors [2].

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