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Bleomycin hydrochloride is a DNA synthesis inhibitor. Bleomycin hydrochloride is a DNA damaging agent. Bleomycin hydrochloride is an antitumor antibiotic[1].

Bleomycin is chosen as the best-studied micronucleus inducers in human lymphocytes with different mechanisms of genotoxicity. The most frequent Bleomycin-induced DNA lesions are single and double strand breaks and single apuinic/apyrimidinic sites. At the same time Bleomycin is true radiomimetic compound, resembling almost completely the genetic effect of ionizing radiation[1]. The IC50 value of Bleomycin for UT-SCC-19A cell line is 4.0±1.3 nM. UT-SCC-12A and UT-SCC-12B are both more resistant to Bleomycin; IC50 values are 14.2±2.8 nM and 13.0±1.1 nM, respectively[2].

Bleomycin treatment (3.5-4.0mg/kg; intra-tracheal) on day 0, body weights decreases by day 4 then increases by Day 7 through the end of the study[3].Bleomycin (3.5-4.0mg/kg; intra-tracheal) produces a statistically significant increase in lung hydroxyproline levels, and also increases right caudal lung lobe mass[3]. Animal Model: Male Fischer 344 rats, 8-10 week old, weighing 150-250g[3]

[1]. Hovhannisyan G, et al. Comparative analysis of individual chromosome involvement in micronuclei induced by bleomycin in human leukocytes. Mol Cytogenet. 2016 Jun 21;9:49. [2]. Jaaskela-Saari HA, et al. Squamous cell cancer cell lines: sensitivity to bleomycin and suitability for animal xenograft studies. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1997;529:241-4. [3]. Corboz MR, et al. Therapeutic administration of inhaled INS1009, a treprostinil prodrug formulation, inhibits bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Apr;49:95-103.

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