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C527, also named heterocyclic tricyclic 1,4-dihydro-1,4-dioxo-1H-naphthalene, is an inhibitor of USP1 (deubiquitinating enzyme 1) / USF1 (USP1-associated factor 1) complex with IC50 value of 0.88 ± 0.03 μM in vivo. C527 is a pan-deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitor in vitro, with a high nanomolar IC50 for the USP1/UAF1 complex.

C527 inhibited the DUB activity of the USP12/USP46 complex and other DUB enzymes in vitro. However, the IC50 of C527 for these DUB enzymes was higher in comparison to USP1/UAF1 complex. C527 had considerably less inhibitory effect on UCH-L1 and UCH-L3, a different subclass of deubiquitinating enzymes, referred to as the ubiquitin C- terminal hydrolases, even though they are also cysteine proteases.

In several leukemic cell lines, C527 promote ID1 degradation, and cause cytotoxicity. In mouse osteosarcoma cells, C527 promotes the degradation of ID1 and the concurrent upregulation of p21. in human U20S osteosarcoma cells, C527 promoted the dose-dependent degradation of ID1. In Hela cells, C527 treatments caused an increase in the levels of Ub-FANCD2 and Ub-FANCI, and inhibited Camptothecin induced the Rad51 foci. Pre-treatment of hela cells with USP1 inhibitor caused an enhancement in the cytoxicity of Mitomycin C and Camptothecin .

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