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8-Nitroguanine is a nitrative guanine derivative formed by oxidative damage to the guanine base in DNA by reactive nitrogen species (RNS) during inflammation and in vitro by reaction of DNA with peroxynitrite and other RNS reagents. It is mutagenic and induces G:C to T:A transversion in DNA. Incorporation of 8-nitroguanine as an 8-nitroG:anti-G base pair into a primer template stalls human DNA polymerase β and induces a 2:1 preference for deoxyadenosine (dA) insertion over deoxycytosine (dC). 8-Nitroguanine levels are increased in the lung tissue of mice with conditional expression of mutant K-Ras(G12V) that developed lung adenocarcinoma and in the lung tissue and peripheral lymphocyte DNA of cigarette smoke-exposed rats. It is also increased in the lung tissue of influenza- or Sendai virus-infected mice and the colon epithelial cells of mice in an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) model.

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