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Sunitinib malate, also called sunitinib, is a novel, oral, multi-targeted , small molecule oxindole tyrosine kinase inhibitor which inhibits multiple receptor tyrosine kinases including platelet-derived growth factor receptor ( and (, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, 2 and 3, c-KIT, FLT3 kinase, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor and RET kinase [2][3] [4]. The IC50 of sunitinib is approximately 10-20 ng/ml to NB cell lines, which is within the clinically relevant human trough serum concentration (50-100 ng/ml) [1].

Receptor tyrosine kinases activated a number of different intracellular signaling pathways [5].

In neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines, SKN-BE (2), NUB-7, SH-SY5Y and LAN-5, sunitinib significantly inhibited cell proliferation after a treatment for 48 hours, in a concentration-dependent manner [1].

Treatment with 20, 30 or 40 mg/kg of sunitinib made NOD/SCID mice inoculated with xenograft tumor cells show significant reduction (P <0.05) in primary tumor growth (%T/C: 49% for SK-N-BE (2) and 55% for NB12 tumor, T/C: average treated tumor mass/average control tumor mass). Treatment with different doses of sunitinib (20, 30 or 40 mg/kg) for 14 days resulted in a dramatic decrease in the numbers and size of metastatic sites and a significant difference in liver weight in mice injected intravaneously with 106 SK-N-BE(2) cells for 7 days compared with the control group [1].

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