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Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP or cGMP) is a second messenger that is biosynthesized from GTP by guanylate cyclases. Activators of guanylate cyclases include nitric oxide and natriuretic peptides. cGMP activates protein kinase G (PKG) and modulates ion channel conductance, with signaling affecting diverse processes including smooth muscle relaxation and proliferation, phototransduction, and energy homeostasis. The degradation of cGMP to GMP is mediated by specific and non-specific phosphodiesterases.

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