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Hemin chloride is an oxidized form of heme that inhibits eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α kinase 1 (eIF2αK1), a repressor of eIF-2α [1].

The eukaryotic initiation factor 1 (eIF1) plays an important role in translation start site specificity. The eIF2α is a key target in translational regulation. Phosphorylation of eIF2α on Ser51 converts eIF2 from a substrate to a competitive inhibitor of its exchange factor, eIF2β[2].

In vitro: The addition of hemin (30 μM) depressed the extent of incorporation of phosphate into eIF-2β by about 50% [1]. Concentrations of 25 μM hemin significantly decreased the rate of incorporation of phosphate into eIF-2α. Concentrations of hemin ranged from 20 to 40 μM maintained an optimal rate of protein synthesis in cell lysates [1].

In vivo: In mice, pretreated with an intraperitoneal injection of hemin displayed a marked induction of HO-1. In hemin-treated mice, thrombus formation was delayed, and the delay was completely blunted by tin protoporphyrin-IX [3].

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