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Imiglitazar (TAK559) is a potent and dual human PPARα and PPARγ1 agonist with EC50 values of 67 and 31 nM.

TAK-559 is a partial agonist for hPPARg1 with about 68% of maximal activation obtained with rosiglitazone, a known PPARγ agonist. PPARy is significantly activated at a high concentration (10 μM) of TAK-559. Competition-binding assays using radiolabeled ligand indicates that the transactivation of all hPPAR subtypes by TAK-559 is due to direct binding of TAK-559 to each subtype. TAK-559 also recruit the coactivator SRC-1 to each of hPPARγ1 and hPPARα, and to dissociate the corepressor NCoR from each of hPPARγ1 and hPPARα[1].TNFα- or IL-1β-induced THP-1 cell attachment to cultured endothelial cells is significantly reduced in the presence of 10 μM TAK-559. The secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) from endothelial cells is reduced by 36% in the presence of 10 μM TAK-559, accompanied with the decreased mRNA expression in the cells. The proliferation and migration of cultured smooth muscle cells are significantly decreased in the presence of TAK-559[2].

TAK-559 treatment results in significant elevation of circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, consisting of an increase in large HDL particles and a decrease in small dense HDL particles. Plasma triglyceride and apolipoprotein B-100 levels decrease, whereas apolipoprotein A-I increasesduring TAK-559 treatment. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are significantly corrected with the highest dose of 3.0 mg/kg per day in these prediabetic monkeys. In addition, no adverse effects on representative liver function parameters are observed during the study period[3].

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