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Troleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic and derivative of oleandomycin .1,2 It is active against Gram-positive cocci, such as Staphylococcus, as well as the Gram-negative bacteria Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Brucella.1,3 Troleandomycin (50 mg/kg per day) increases survival in a rhesus monkey model of systemic S. aureus infection.4 It also inhibits the 6β-hydroxylase activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes.5 Formulations containing troleandomycin have previously been used in the treatment of asthma.

1.Spector, S.L., Katz, F.H., and Farr, R.S.Troleandomycin: Effectiveness in steroid-dependent asthma and bronchitisJ. Allergy Clin. Immunol.54(6)367-379(1974) 2.Ross, S.Erythromycin, oleandomycin and triacetyloleandomycinPediatr. Clin. North Am.15(1)119-129(1968) 3.Lefebvre, M., Beliveau, D., Desilets, R., et al.Triacetyloleandomycin; A report on its use in different infectious diseasesCan. Med. Assoc. J.80(5)346-350(1959) 4.Saslaw, S., and Carlisle, H.N.Studies on therapy of staphylococcal infections in monkeys. I. Comparison of cloxacillin, triacetyloleandomycin and erythromycinProc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.125(4)1168-1173(1967) 5.Yamazaki, H., and Shimada, T.Comparative studies of in vitro inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4-dependent testosterone 6β-hydroxylation by roxithromycin and its metabolites, troleandomycin, and erythromycinDrug Metab. Dispos.26(11)1053-1057(1998)

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