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Microcystins are hepatotoxic cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by cyanobacteria. They are responsible for periodic poisonings of humans and livestock following consumption of freshwater in areas where the blue-green algae are endemic. The toxicity of microcystins is initiated by the inhibition of the catalytic activity of protein phosphatase (PP) 1 and PP2A. Microcystin-LA differs from the major microcystin variant LR with the substitution of alanine in place of the arginine. It inhibits both PP1C and PP2A with an IC50 value of 0.3 nM.

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