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Lovastatin is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase with IC50 values of 2.3 nmol/L in rat liver cells and 5 nmol/L in the human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2 [1].

HMG-CoA reductase is responsible for the catalysis of the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. It catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, the second step in the production of cholesterol in cells [2].

Lovastatin prevented the proliferation of several cell types by inhibiting the production of mevalonate and its metabolites. Inhibition of mevalonate formation also prevented the production of isoprenoids which are necessary for cell proliferation and other important cell functions. This reduction in isoprenoids caused beneficial pleiotropic effects. Lovastatin caused reduction in DNA synthesis at concentrations of 1 to 20 μM. At 1 μM, it inhibited the increase of mesangial cells in culture. Lovastatin (5 μM) also increased efferocytosis (phagocytosis of apoptotic cells) after 6 hours. However, after 24 hours, its effect was dose-dependent, with a maximum at 10 μM

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