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(-)-epicatechin is a flavonoid that increases NO levels and an inducer of pancreatic β-cell regeneration [1] [2].

β cells are a subset of cells in the pancreatic islets and play an important role in regulating glucose homeostasis through the production of insulin.

(-)-epicatechin is an inducer of pancreatic β-cell regeneration. In murine macrophages, (-)-epicatechin induced nitrite accumulation induced by interferon-γ/lipopolysaccharide with IC50 value of 0.5 mM. Also, (-)-epicatechin inhibited nitration of free tyrosine induced by 0.1 and 1 mM peroxynitrite with IC50 values of 6.6 and 28.0 μM, respectively. In HL-60 cells, (-)-epicatechin inhibited nitration of protein-bound tyrosine induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate with IC50 value of 10-100 μM [2]. In human endothelial cells (HUVEC), (-)-epicatechin (0.3-10 μM) increased NO levels, suggesting its vasodilatory properties [3].

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