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Atorvastatin exists in four optical forms. The (3R, 5R)-atorvastatin enantiomer displays the greatest activity against HMG-CoA reductase. (3S,5S)-Atorvastatin is an enantiomer of atorvastatin with little or no inhibitory activity against HMG-CoA reductase [1]. Atorvastatin is a synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor implicated in lowering plasma cholesterol levels by inhibiting endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Atorvastatin also reduces triglyceride levels through an as yet unproven mechanism [2]. In various trials in patients with hypercholesterolaemia, atorvastatin produced greater reductions in total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia, atorvastatin in combination with colestipol produced significant reductions in LDL-cholesterol levels and smaller reductions in triglyceride levels than atorvastatin monotherapy [2].

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