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Erythromycin A N-oxide is a potential impurity found in commercial preparations of erythromycin. Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit, blocking the progression of nascent polypeptide chains. It is effective against a host of bacterial genera, including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Haemophilus (MIC90s = 0.015-2.0 mg/l). Erythromycin is known to potently inhibit the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP3A4, which can affect the metabolism of numerous clinically relevant medications. Erythromycin A N-oxide is also a precursor in the synthesis of clarithromycin .

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