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Valproic acid acyl-D-glucuronide is the major urinary metabolite of valproic acid. Valproic acid is an analog of the natural fatty acid valeric acid. Valproic acid (sodium salt) has long been used as an anticonvulsant to prevent many kinds of seizures. It is an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), inhibiting Class I HDACs with an IC50 value of approximately 2 mM. Valproic acid also inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and depletes cellular inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-IP3). Because of these actions, valproic acid shows promise in combination therapy for cancer and in treating Alzheimer's disease. Valproic acid (1 mM) also has pronounced effects on stem cell differentiation and self-renewal.

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