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Rucaparib is an inhibitor of PARP with a Ki of 1.4 nM for PARP1, and also shows binding affinity to eight other PARP domains.

Rucaparib is the most potent PARP inhibitor in enzyme assays (Ki, 1.4 nM), and a possible N-demethylation metabolite of AG14644[1]. The radio-sensitization by Rucaparib is due to downstream inhibition of activation of NF-κB, and is independent of SSB repair inhibition. Rucaparib could target NF-κB activated by DNA damage and overcome toxicity observed with classical NF-κB inhibitors without compromising other vital inflammatory functions[2]. Rucaparib inhibits PARP-1 activity by 97.1% at a concentration of 1 μM in permeabilised D283Med cells[3].

Rucaparib and AG14584 significantly (P < 0.05) increases temozolomide toxicity. Rucaparib (1 mg/kg) significantly increases temozolomide-induced body weight loss. Rucaparib (0.1 mg/kg) results in a 50% increase in the temozolomide-induced tumor growth delay[1]. Rucaparib is not toxic but significantly enhances temozolomide-induced TGD in the DNA repair protein-competent D384Med xenografts. Pharmacokinetics studies also show that Rucaparib is detected in the brain tissue, which indicates that Rucaparib has potential in intra-cranial malignancy therapy[3]. Rucaparib significantly potentiates the cytotoxicity of topotecan and temozolomide in NB-1691, SH-SY-5Y, and SKNBE (2c) cells. Rucaparib enhances the antitumor activity of temozolomide and indicates complete and sustained tumor regression in NB1691 and SHSY5Y xenografts[4].

[1]. Thomas HD, et al. Preclinical selection of a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor for clinical trial. Mol Cancer Ther, 2007, 6(3), 945-956. [2]. Hunter JE, et al. NF-κB mediates radio-sensitization by the PARP-1 inhibitor, AG-014699. Oncogene, 2012, 31(2), 251-264. [3]. Daniel RA, et al. Central nervous system penetration and enhancement of temozolomide activity in childhood medulloblastoma models by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor AG-014699. Br J Cancer, 2010, 103(10), 1588-1596. [4]. Daniel RA, et al. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 enhances temozolomide and topotecan activity against childhood neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res, 2009, 15(4), 1241-1249.

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