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MTP 131 is a mitochondria-targeted peptide antioxidant.1,2 It localizes to the mitochondria and reduces tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1 nM.1 MTP 131 (2 mg/kg) reduces infarct volume, hemispheric swelling, and glutathione (GSH) depletion in a mouse model of acute cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).2 It increases survival, improves motor function, and decreases degeneration of the lumbar spinal cord in a superoxide dismutase 1 mutant (SOD1G93A) transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) when administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg. MTP 131 reduces albuminuria, urinary hydrogen peroxide levels, and mesangial matrix accumulation, as well as preserves superoxide production, in a db/db mouse model of diabetic nephropathy.3

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