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The stem cell factor receptor (KIT) is a therapeutic target for the cancer, mastocytosis, and inflammatory diseases treatment. Masitinib (AB1010) is a novel phenylaminothiazole-type tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets KIT.

In vitro: Masitinib potently inhibited the intracellular kinase Lyn and recombinant PDGFR as well as fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Moreover, masitinib showed weak inhibition of ABL and c-Fms and was inactive against a variety of other tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. These findings suggest that Masitinib (AB1010) will exhibit a better safety profile than other tyrosine kinase inhibitors; in fact, masitinib-induced genotoxicity or cardiotoxicity has not been observed in animal so far [1].

In vivo: In vivo, masitinib blocked tumour growth in mice with subcutaneous grafts of Ba/F3 cells expressing a juxtamembrane KIT mutant. We found that tumour growth was blocked following 5 days of treatment with masitinib. After withdrawal of masitinib treatment after day 5, tumour growth was once again evident [1].

Clinical trial: A Phase II study of oral masitinib mesilate in imatinib-na?ve patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastro-intestinal stromal tumour (GIST). Thirty patients were enrolled with a median follow-up of 34 months. Masitinib appears to be effective as a first-line treatment of advanced GIST with comparable results to imatinib in terms of safety and response. PFS and OS results data show promise that masitinib may provide sustainable benefits [2].

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