Loliolide is a monoterpene lactone that has been found in P. urinaria and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4 It scavenges DPPH and peroxide radicals in cell-free assays when used at concentrations ranging from 62.5 to 250 μM and reduces peroxide-induced apoptosis in Vero cells.1 Loliolide (10 μg/ml) inhibits LPS-induced proliferation of isolated mouse T and B cells.2 It reduces hepatitis C virus (HCV) infectivity in Huh7.5 cells (EC50 = 2.48 μM) and inhibits HCV binding to Huh7.5 cells when used at concentrations of 10 and 50 μM.3 Loliolide also increases A. cephalotes preference for control flakes when applied to test flakes at a concentration of 6.8 mg/g of rye, indicating insect repellent activity.4

1.Yang, X., Kang, M.-C., Lee, K.-W., et al.Antioxidant activity and cell protective effect of loliolide isolated from Sargassum ringgoldianum subsp. coreanumAlgae26(2)201-208(2011) 2.Okada, N., Shirata, K., Niwano, M., et al.Immunosuppressive activity of a monoterpene from Eucommia ulmoidesPhytochemistry37(1)281-282(1994) 3.Chung, C.-Y., Liu, C.-H., Burnouf, T., et al.Activity-based and fraction-guided analysis of Phyllanthus urinaria identifies loliolide as a potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus entryAntiviral Res.13058-68(2016) 4.Okunade, A.L., and Wiemer, D.F.(-)-Loliolide, an ant-repellent compound from Xanthoxyllum setulosumJ. Nat. Prod.48(3)472-473(1985)

.