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CAPE derives from honeybee propolis and has several biological activities. It is found to be an inhibitor of NF-κB activation. In U937 cells, CAPE inhibits the TNF-dependent activation of NF-κB dose-dependently. The maximum effect occurs at dose of 25μg/ml. CAPE also inhibits NF-κB activation induced by phorbol ester, ceramide, okadaic acid and hydrogen peroxide. It is reported that CAPE prevents NF-κB from binding to DNA without affecting other transcription factors. CAPE also has angiogenesis efficacy. It shows inhibition effect on the formation of capillary-like tubes. Besides, it reduces the production of VEGF both in CT26 cell culture and in animal model. In addition, CAPE effectively prevents CT26 cells from secreting MMP-2 and MMP-9 [1, 2].

References:

[1] Natarajan K, Singh S, Burke TR Jr, Grunberger D, Aggarwal BB. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a potent and specific inhibitor of activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Aug 20;93(17):9090-5.

[2] Liao HF, Chen YY, Liu JJ, Hsu ML, Shieh HJ, Liao HJ, Shieh CJ, Shiao MS, Chen YJ. Inhibitory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Dec 31;51(27):7907-12.

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