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Chartreusin is an antibiotic originally isolated from S. chartreusis with diverse biological activities. It inhibits growth of S. aureus, B. subtilis, M. luteus, M. flavus, B. fragilis, C. difficile, C. perfringens, and P. acnes (MICs = 0.4-12.5 μg/ml). Chartreusin binds to DNA and induces electrophoretic shifts in both supercoiled and nicked plasmid DNA. It also inhibits strand-passing activity of topoisomerase II in a P4 unknotting assay. Chartreusin inhibits protein synthesis in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) and mouse fibroblast 3T6 cells (IC50s = 7 and 70 μM, respectively). It is cytotoxic to human lung carcinoma A549 cells in vitro (IC50 = 95 nM) and increases median survival in P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma mouse tumor models when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day.
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