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(+)-Apogossypol is a pan-BCL-2 antagonist. (+)-Apogossypol binds to Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL with EC50s of 2.6, 2.8 and 3.69 μM, respectively.

In agreement with NMR binding and fluorescence polarization assays (FPAs) data, (+)-Apogossypol displays potent binding affinity to Bcl-xL with Kd values of 1.7 μM[1].To investigate the inhibitory effects of (+)-Apogossypol and Gossypol on LNCaP cell survival, the MTT assay is performed. The results demonstrate that (+)-Apogossypol inhibits the proliferation of LNCaP cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, in a similar way with Gossypol. The concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50) on LNCaP cells within ~72 h is 9.57 μM, while the IC50 of Gossypol on LNCaP cells is 10.35 μM[2].

Due to its modified structure, (+)-Apogossypol is expected to exhibit lower toxicity while maintaining the significant anti-growth and anti-tumor activities in vitro, similar to those of Gossypol. The anti-cancer effect of (+)-Apogossypol is evaluated in mice bearing subcutaneous LNCaP cell xenografts. The tumor growth is monitored and measured by a caliper and balance. The survival rate of the mice is notably improved by (+)-Apogossypol. Of note, the tumor sizes are also markedly decreased by (+)-Apogossypol treatment (P<0.01)[2].

References:

[1]. Wei J, et al. Apogossypol derivatives as antagonists of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009 Apr;8(4):904-13.

[2]. Zhan W, et al. Inhibitory activity of apogossypol in human prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Jun;11(6):4142-8.

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