H-Ile-Pro-Pro-OH hydrochloride, a milk-derived peptide[1], inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)[1] with an IC50 of 5 μM[2]. Antihypertensive tripeptides[1].

Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP; 1 nM, 0.1 μM, and 10 μM) increases nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)[1].

Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP; 30 mg/kg per day; 0.3 g/L) attenuates arterial dysfunction in L-NAME-treated rats[1]Ile-Pro-Pro decreases blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) [1].Ile-Pro-Pro attenuates the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice[1].

[1]. Nonaka A, et al. The milk-derived peptides Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro attenuate arterial dysfunction in L-NAME-treated rats. Hypertens Res. 2014 Aug;37(8):703-7. [2]. Nakamura Y, et al. Purification and characterization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors from sour milk. J Dairy Sci. 1995 Apr;78(4):777-83.

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