Cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) was the first second messenger to be identified, with the IC50 of LPA- or EGF-stimulated ERK1 was 0.1-0.2 Mm [1].

Ras is a common target for growth factors including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which activate the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway. Raf is likely to be a link between Ras and ERK cascade, of which Raf-1activates MEK in vitro.

Quiescent Rat1 cells were incubated with 1 Mm dibutyryl cAMP for 10 min before stimulation with LPA or EGF, ERK activation was completely inhibited by protein immunoblots. The ability of the phorbol ester PMA to activate MAP kinase was also inhibited by dibutyryl cAMP [1].

Reference:

[1] Cook S J, McCormick F. Inhibition by cAMP of Ras-Dependent Activation of Raf [J]. Science. 1993, 262(5136):1069-1072.

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