Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) inhibits NF-κB activity and also is an Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, and an inhibitor of WWP1 (WW domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase 1).

It is found that Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) inhibits the proliferation of THP-1 cells in a dose- and time dependent manner with minimal toxicity over normal monocytes. The AhR target genes (CYP1A1, IL1β) are overexpressed upon Indole-3-carbinol treatment (p<0.05 to p<0.001). The antiproliferative effects of Indole-3-carbinol are in association with programing cell death. Indole-3-carbinol downregulates BCL2 and upregulates FasR in THP-1 cells (p<0.05 to p<0.001). G1 cell cycle arrest is also observed using flow cytometry. G1-acting cell cycle genes (P21, P27 and P53) are overexpressed (p<0.05 to p<0.001), while CDK2 is downregulated upon Indole-3-carbinol treatment (p<0.01 to p<0.001)[1].Indole-3-carbinol suppresses NF-κB activity and stimulates the p53 pathway in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells[2].

References:

[1]. Mohammadi S, et al. Indole-3-carbinol induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through aryl hydrocarbon receptor in THP-1 monocytic cell line.J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2017 Oct;37(5):506-514.

[2]. Safa M, et al. Indole-3-carbinol suppresses NF-κB activity and stimulates the p53 pathway in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Tumour Biol. 2015 May;36(5):3919-30.

[3]. Lee YR, et al. Reactivation of PTEN tumor suppressor for cancer treatment through inhibition of a MYC-WWP1 inhibitory pathway. Science. 2019 May 17;364(6441). pii: eaau0159.

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